What Are the Differences Between Synthetic and Natural Fabrics?

The fabric industry is perhaps one of the most important industries. Whether it is the texture of our clothes or some furniture in our home, we use it in various things, and every day. In fact, the colours and materials of the clothes we wear depend a lot on the fabric. The amazing thing about fabrics is that they come from various sources. It is their type that have an effect on our comfort, the environment, and even our health. Whether you are looking for something that suits your sensitive skin, or you want to add some eco-friendly options to your wardrobe, or all that you want is durable fabric for your new outfit, you must know the differences between synthetic and natural fabrics.

In this blog today, let us compare synthetic fabrics with natural fabrics and check out their environmental impact, benefits, and effects on health. You will have a good idea about natural fabrics, types of synthetic fabrics, and why choosing the right fabrics matters for the comfort of your skin and even the planet.

What are natural fabrics?

As the name suggests, natural fabrics come from renewable sources that are found in nature. The primary sources are plants and animals. 

How are natural fabrics made?

Natural fibers are derived from plant or animal sources. These fibers are spun into threads, which are then woven or knitted into fabric for use in textiles.

  • Cotton: Cotton is derived from the cotton plant's bolls. It is known for its softness as well as breathability.

  • Linen: Made from flax plant fibers, this amazing fabric is sought after because of its strength and durability.

  • Wool: It is sourced from sheep. Wool is known for providing warmth and elasticity.

  • Silk: Silk is produced by silkworms and is celebrated for its luxurious feel and natural sheen.

  • Hemp: Help is derived from the hemp plant. This fabric is known for its sustainability and strength.

Benefits of natural fabrics

  • Breathability and comfort: Natural fibers like cotton and linen enable air circulation. It further helps to regulate body temperature and keep the wearer comfortable.

  • Hypoallergenic properties: Fabrics such as cotton and silk are less likely to cause skin irritations. Therefore, even those with sensitive skin can choose to wear such fabrics. 

  • Biodegradability: Natural fabrics decompose naturally. This reduces long-term environmental impact.

  • Sustainability: When natural fabrics are sourced responsibly, they have a lower environmental footprint. This ultimately requires fewer chemicals and less energy during production.

Natural fabrics list

  • Cotton

  • Linen

  • Wool

  • Silk

  • Hemp

  • Bamboo

  • Architectural Digest

  • Cashmere

  • Ramie

  • Jute

  • Sisal

What are synthetic fabrics?

Synthetic fabrics are basically man-made materials that are created through various chemical processes, typically derived from petroleum-based products. These fabrics are engineered to copy certain qualities of natural fibers while offering unique advantages:

  • Polyester: It is a versatile fabric used in various applications and is known for its durability and resistance to shrinking.

  • Nylon: Recognised for its strength and elasticity, you will often find nylon being used in activewear and hosiery.

  • Acrylic: Designed to resemble wool, acrylic is lightweight and soft. It is commonly used in sweaters and blankets.

  • Spandex (Lycra/Elastane): Known for its exceptional elasticity, spandex is widely used in sportswear and dance costumes.

How are synthetic fabrics made?

The production of synthetic fabrics involves several key steps:

  • Polymerisation: Petroleum-based monomers are chemically bonded to form polymers.

  • Extrusion: The polymer is melted and forced through spinnerets to create fibers.

  • Drawing and texturising: Fibers are stretched to align molecules, enhancing strength and elasticity.

  • Finishing: Fibers undergo treatments to impart desired properties like colour, texture, and moisture-wicking capabilities.

Synthetic fabrics list

  • Polyester

  • Nylon

  • Acrylic

  • Rayon

  • Acetate

  • Polypropylene

  • Polyurethane

  • Kevlar

  • Nomex

Benefits of synthetic fiber:

  • Durable and long-lasting: Synthetic fibers are strong and resistant to wear. This makes them suitable for products that need to withstand regular use.

  • Lightweight and easy to handle: These fibers are lighter than many natural alternatives; therefore, they offer comfort and practicality in everyday use.

  • Resistant to wrinkles, moisture, and stains: Synthetic fibers maintain their appearance and quality even after exposure to various elements.

  • Cost-effective and affordable: The production of synthetic fibers is often less expensive, making them a more affordable option for manufacturers and consumers.

  • Easy to maintain and care for: Synthetic fabrics typically require less maintenance, as they are less prone to shrinkage and are easier to clean.

  • Versatile for various applications: Synthetic fibers can be used in a wide range of products, from clothing to industrial and technical materials.

  • Longer lifespan compared to natural fibers: Synthetic fibers are often more durable, lasting longer without showing signs of wear and tear.

Synthetic Fabrics vs Natural Fabrics

Understanding the distinctions between synthetic and natural fabrics is very important, especially for making informed choices:

  • Environmental impact: Natural fabrics are biodegradable and often produced with fewer chemicals, whereas synthetic fabrics are derived from non-renewable resources and can contribute to micro-plastic pollution.

  • Durability: Synthetic fabrics tend to be more durable and resistant to wrinkles, shrinking, and fading.

  • Comfort: Natural fabrics generally offer superior breathability and moisture-wicking properties, further enhancing the comfort of the wearer.

  • Cost: Synthetic fabrics are often more affordable due to lower production costs, while natural fabrics can be more expensive, reflecting their cultivation and processing requirements.

Are synthetic fabrics bad for the environment?

There are certain environmental concerns associated with synthetic fabrics, including:

  • Non-biodegradability: Synthetic fabrics can take hundreds of years to decompose. This further contributes to long-term landfill waste.

  • Micro-plastic pollution: Washing synthetic garments releases micro-plastics into water systems, harming aquatic life and entering the food chain.

  • Resource-intensive production: The manufacturing of synthetic fabrics relies heavily on fossil fuels and involves energy-intensive processes.

Wrapping it up!

In the synthetic fabrics vs natural fabrics discussion, the best choice, of course, ultimately depends on your priorities, whether it is comfort, environmental impact, or budget. Natural fabrics are generally better for the environment and offer superior comfort, especially for those with sensitive skin. However, synthetic fabrics have their benefits, including durability and affordability. When you understand the differences between synthetic and natural fabrics, it becomes easier for you to make a more informed decision about your clothing and fabric choices. 

Back to News